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A review on performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells during startup and shutdown processes : causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies

机译：质子交换膜燃料电池在启动和关闭过程中性能下降的综述：成因，后果和缓解策略

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Performance degradation during startup and shutdown is considered an important issue affecting the durability and lifetime of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Due to the high potentials experienced by the cathode during startup and shutdown, the conventional carbon support for the cathode catalyst is prone to oxidation by reacting with oxygen or water. This paper presents an overview of the causes and consequences of performance degradation after frequent startup shutdown cycles. Mitigation strategies are also summarized, including the use of novel catalyst supports and the application of system strategies to prevent performance degradation in PEMFCs. It is found from the literature review that improvements in catalyst supports to prevent oxidation come at the expense of high cost, and the novel supports developed to date are not sufficient to completely prevent carbon oxidation in fuel cell engines. System strategies, including potential control and reaction gas control, have been developed and applied in fuel cell engines to alleviate or even avoid performance decay. This review aims to provide a clear understanding of the mechanisms related to degradation behaviors during the startup and shutdown processes, thereby helping fuel cell material or system developers in their efforts to prevent performance degradation and prolong the lifetime of PEMFCs.
机译：启动和关闭期间的性能下降被认为是影响质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的耐久性和寿命的重要问题。由于阴极在启动和关闭期间经历的高电势，用于阴极催化剂的常规碳载体易于通过与氧气或水反应而氧化。本文概述了频繁的启动关机循环后性能下降的原因和后果。还概述了缓解策略，包括使用新型催化剂载体和应用系统策略来防止PEMFC的性能下降。从文献综述中发现，改进催化剂载体以防止氧化是以高成本为代价的，并且迄今为止开发的新颖载体不足以完全防止燃料电池发动机中的碳氧化。已经开发出包括电位控制和反应气体控制在内的系统策略，并将其应用于燃料电池发动机中，以缓解甚至避免性能下降。这篇综述旨在提供与启动和关闭过程中与降级行为相关的机制的清晰理解，从而帮助燃料电池材料或系统开发人员努力防止性能降级并延长PEMFC的寿命。

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